Xylem Vessels

All plants require water to survive. Plants absorb water present in the soil. The absorbed water is transported to all the parts of the plants (stems, leaves, flowers and fruits) by xylem vessels. Xylem is a complex tissue which consists of dead cells called xylem...

Transportation System in Plants

Transportation Of Materials In Plants All living organism need some method of moving substances from one part of the body to other parts of the body. For example, in living organisms food and oxygen are moved in the body to all the cells and waste materials such as...

Haemodialysis

When the kidneys are completely damaged and do not function properly, the condition is called renal failure. . In the patients suffering from renal failure the amount of toxic nitrogenous wastes (like urea) increases in the blood which is very harmful. In such...

Osmoregulation

 The process of removal of excess water and salts from the body is called osmoregulation. The process of osmoregulation is also controlled by the kidneys. Osmoregulation is related to the habitat of an animal. The fresh water animals like fishes take up a large amount...

Nephrons

Each human kidney is made up of about ten lakh excretory units called nephrons. A nephron is a long, narrow and twisted tubular structure. The upper end of the nephron is a cup shaped bag and it is called Bowman’s capsule. The lower end of the nephron is tube shaped...