Periodic Table | Fun Science https://www.funscience.in Sun, 16 Aug 2020 10:00:48 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.7.2 test https://www.funscience.in/test/ Sun, 16 Aug 2020 09:59:27 +0000 https://www.funscience.in/?p=1463

Facts about Hydrogen

The name Hydrogen is derived from the Greek words ‘Hydro’ and ‘Genes’ which together mean ‘Water Forming’ because water molecules contains atoms of hydrogen. It is the lightest element known. It is the most abundant element in the universe. Almost all stars and planets in this universe consist of hydrogen. In nature hydrogen is mainly found in the form of water and hydrogen gas. Pure hydrogen gas can be prepared in the lab by electrolysis of water.

Hydrogen (Protium) is the only element in periodic table having 0 neutrons in its nucleus.

Type of Element : Non-Metal
Atomic number : 1
Atomic mass : 1.007825 g.mol-1
Electronic configuration : 1s1
Group, block : 1, s-block
Period : 1
Valency : 1
Electronegativity according to Pauling : 2.1
Density : 0.0899*10-3 g.cm-3 at 20 °C
Melting point : - 259.2 °C
Boiling point : - 252.8 °C
Vanderwaals radius : 0.12 nm
Ionic radius : 0.208 (-1) nm
Oxidation States : -1 , 0 , +1
Isotopes : 3 ( Protium 1H1, Deuterium 1H2 and Tritium 1H3 )
Energy of first ionisation : 1311 kJ.mol-1
Discovered by : English chemist Henry Cavendish in 1766

Atomic Structure

Uses (Balloons, metal refining)

← Previous
Helium →
]]> Copper https://www.funscience.in/copper/ Fri, 14 Aug 2020 13:46:08 +0000 https://www.funscience.in/?p=1360

Atomic Structure

Uses (electrical conductor, jewelry, coins, plumbing)

←Nickel
Zinc→
]]> Nickel https://www.funscience.in/nickel/ Thu, 13 Aug 2020 07:18:34 +0000 https://www.funscience.in/?p=1226
Atomic number : 29
Atomic mass : 63.546 g.mol-1
Electronegativity according to Pauling : 1.9
Density : 8.9 g.cm-3 at 20 °C
Melting point : 1083 °C
Boiling point : 2595 °C
Vanderwaals radius : 0.128 nm
Ionic radius : 0.096 (+1) nm ; 0.069 (+3) nm
Isotopes : 6
Electronic shell : [Ar] 3d10 4s1
Energy of first ionisation : 743.5 kJ.mol-1
Energy of second ionisation : 1946 kJ.mol-1
Standard Potential : + 0.522 V (Cu+ / Cu) ; + 0.345 V (Cu2+ / Cu)
Discovered by : The ancients

Atomic Structure

Uses (magnets, ceramics, special glasses)

←Cobalt
Copper→
]]> Cobalt https://www.funscience.in/cobalt/ Thu, 13 Aug 2020 06:59:34 +0000 https://www.funscience.in/?p=1212
Atomic number : 28
Atomic mass : 58.71 g.mol-1
Electronegativity according to Pauling : 1.8
Density : 8.9 g.cm-3 at 20 °C
Melting point : 1453 °C
Boiling point : 2913 °C
Vanderwaals radius : 0.124 nm
Ionic radius : 0.069 (+2) nm ; 0.06 (+3) nm
Isotopes : 10
Electronic shell : [Ar] 3d8 4s2
Energy of first ionisation : 735 kJ.mol-1
Energy of second ionisation : 1753 kJ.mol-1
Energy of third ionisation : 3387 kJ.mol-1
Standard Potential : - 0.25 V
Discovered by : Alex Constedt 1751

Atomic Structure

Uses (magnets, ceramics, special glasses)

←Iron
Nickel→
]]> Iron https://www.funscience.in/iron/ Tue, 11 Aug 2020 14:09:18 +0000 https://www.funscience.in/?p=1204
Atomic number : 27
Atomic mass : 58.9332 g.mol-1
Electronegativity according to Pauling : 1.8
Density : 8.9 g.cm-3 at 20 °C
Melting point : 1495 °C
Boiling point : 2927 °C
Vanderwaals radius : 0.125 nm
Ionic radius : 0.078 (+2) nm ; 0.063 (+3) nm
Isotopes : 8
Electronic shell : [Ar] 3d7 4s2
Energy of first ionisation : 757 kJ.mol-1
Energy of second ionisation : 1666.3 kJ.mol-1
Energy of third ionisation : 3226 kJ.mol-1
Standard Potential : - 0.28 V (Co2+ / Co) ; + 1.84 V (Co3+ / Co2+)
Discovered by : George Brandt in 1737

Atomic Structure

Uses (steel, hemoglobin)

←Manganese
Cobalt →
]]> Manganese https://www.funscience.in/manganese/ Tue, 11 Aug 2020 13:56:24 +0000 https://www.funscience.in/?p=1193
Atomic number : 26
Atomic mass : 55.85 g.mol-1
Electronegativity according to Pauling : 1.8
Density : 7.8 g.cm-3 at 20 °C
Melting point : 1536 °C
Boiling point : 2861 °C
Vanderwaals radius : 0.126 nm
Ionic radius : 0.076 (+2) nm ; 0.064 (+3) nm
Isotopes : 8
Electronic shell : [Ar] 3d6 4s2
Energy of first ionisation : 761 kJ.mol-1
Energy of second ionisation : 1556.5 kJ.mol-1
Energy of third ionisation : 2951 kJ.mol-1
Standard Potential : - 0.44 V (Fe2+ / Fe) ; 0.77 V (Fe3+ / Fe2+)
Discovered by : The ancients

Atomic Structure

Uses (Steel, batteries, ceramics)

←Chromium
Iron →
]]> Chromium https://www.funscience.in/chromium/ Tue, 11 Aug 2020 13:29:49 +0000 https://www.funscience.in/?p=1183
Atomic number : 25
Atomic mass : 54.9380 g.mol-1
Electronegativity according to Pauling : 1.5
Density : 7.43g.cm-3 at 20 °C
Melting point : 1247 °C
Boiling point : 2061 °C
Vanderwaals radius : 0.126 nm
Ionic radius : 0.08 (+2) nm ; 0.046 (+7) nm
Isotopes : 7
Electronic shell : [Ar] 3d5 4s2
Energy of first ionisation : 716 kJ.mol-1
Energy of second ionisation : 1489 kJ.mol-1
Standard Potential : - 1.05 V (Mn2+ / Mn)
Discovered by : Johann Gahn in 1774

Atomic Structure

Uses (Stainless steel)

←Vanadium
Manganese →
]]> Vanadium https://www.funscience.in/vanadium/ Tue, 11 Aug 2020 13:07:06 +0000 https://www.funscience.in/?p=1175
Atomic number : 24
Atomic mass : 51.996 g.mol-1
Electronegativity according to Pauling : 1.6
Density : 7.19g.cm-3 at 20 °C
Melting point : 1907 °C
Boiling point : 2672 °C
Vanderwaals radius : 0.127 nm
Ionic radius : 0.061 (+3) nm ; 0.044 (+6) nm
Isotopes : 6
Electronic shell : [Ar] 3d5 4s1
Energy of first ionisation : 651.0 kJ.mol-1
Energy of second ionisation : 1590.1 kJ.mol-1
Energy of third ionisation : 2987 kJ.mol-1
Standard Potential : -0.71 V (Cr3+ / Cr)
Discovered by : Vaughlin in 1797

Atomic Structure

Uses (catalyst, dye, color fixer)

←Titanium
Chromium →
]]> Titanium https://www.funscience.in/titanium/ Tue, 11 Aug 2020 12:53:17 +0000 https://www.funscience.in/?p=1167
Atomic number : 23
Atomic mass : 50.9414 g.mol-1
Electronegativity according to Pauling : 1.6
Density : 6.1g.cm-3 at 20 °C
Melting point : 1910 °C
Boiling point : 3407 °C
Vanderwaals radius : 0.134 nm
Ionic radius : 0.074 (+3) nm ; 0.059 (+5) nm
Isotopes : 5
Electronic shell : [Ar] 3d3 4s2
Energy of first ionisation : 649.1 kJ.mol-1
Energy of second ionisation : 1414 kJ.mol-1
Energy of third ionisation : 2830 kJ.mol-1
Energy of fourth ionisation : 4652 kJ.mol-1
Discovered by : Nils Sefstrom in 1830

Atomic Structure

Uses (Paint, rubber, paper)

←Scandium
Vanadium →
]]> Scandium https://www.funscience.in/scandium/ Tue, 11 Aug 2020 04:43:47 +0000 https://www.funscience.in/?p=1159
Atomic number : 22
Atomic mass : 47.90 g.mol-1
Electronegativity according to Pauling : 1.5
Density : 4.51g.cm-3 at 20 °C
Melting point : 1660 °C
Boiling point : 3287 °C
Vanderwaals radius : 0.147 nm
Ionic radius : 0.09 (+3) nm ; 0.068 (+4) nm
Isotopes : 8
Electronic shell : [Ar] 3d2 4s2
Energy of first ionisation : 658 kJ.mol-1
Energy of second ionisation : 1310 kJ.mol-1
Energy of third ionisation : 2652 kJ.mol-1
Energy of fourth ionisation : 4175 kJ.mol-1
Discovered by : William Gregor in 1791

Atomic Structure

Uses (Some parts of the Mig-29)

←Calcium
Titanium →
]]>
Atomic number : 21
Atomic mass : 44.9559 g.mol-1
Electronegativity according to Pauling : unknown
Density : 3.0g.cm-3 at 20 °C
Melting point : 1541 °C
Boiling point : 2836 °C
Vanderwaals radius : 0.161 nm
Ionic radius : 0.083 (+3) nm
Isotopes : 7
Electronic shell : [Ar] 3d1 4s2
Energy of first ionisation : 640.5 kJ.mol-1
Energy of second ionisation : 1233 kJ.mol-1
Energy of third ionisation : 2389 kJ.mol-1
Energy of fourth ionisation : 7089 kJ.mol-1
Discovered by : Lars Nilson in 1879