Haemodialysis

When the kidneys are completely damaged and do not function properly, the condition is called renal failure. . In the patients suffering from renal failure the amount of toxic nitrogenous wastes (like urea) increases in the blood which is very harmful. In such...

Osmoregulation

 The process of removal of excess water and salts from the body is called osmoregulation. The process of osmoregulation is also controlled by the kidneys. Osmoregulation is related to the habitat of an animal. The fresh water animals like fishes take up a large amount...

Nephrons

Each human kidney is made up of about ten lakh excretory units called nephrons. A nephron is a long, narrow and twisted tubular structure. The upper end of the nephron is a cup shaped bag and it is called Bowman’s capsule. The lower end of the nephron is tube shaped...

Human Excretory System

 In human beings excretion of waste materials take place through a well developed system of organs called urinary system. The urinary system of human beings consists of: two kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder and a urethra.     Kidneys In human beings a pair of...

Excretion in Earthworm

In earthworm carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes are the main waste materials. The carbon dioxide is excreted out from the body through its moist skin by the process of diffusion. The nitrogenous wastes are excreted out of the body by special excretory organs...

Excretion

Metabolic activities of an organism produce several types of by-products. Some of these by-products are waste materials. These waste materials are often toxic in nature and cannot be used in the body. For example, a large amount of carbon dioxide, urea and water is...